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In late September, as the anniversary of Hamas's October 7 attacks approached and Gaza lay in ruins, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced a new strategic priority: targeting Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. 

Despite a brutal campaign that decimated the group’s leadership and displaced over 1.2 million civilians, Hezbollah remains a formidable opponent — recently even launching a drone strike that hit Netanyahu’s own home.

This article explores how Hezbollah has survived, adapted, and continues to retaliate despite overwhelming Israeli firepower.

1.Israel’s Multi-Front Offensive Against Hezbollah

Killing Top Commanders

In late September, Israeli forces began a sustained bombing campaign. Among the high-profile Hezbollah figures killed were:

Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary-General)

Hashem Safieddine (Deputy Leader)

Nabil Qaouk, Ibrahim Aqil, and Ali Karaki (Senior Military Commanders)

These strikes targeted Hezbollah facilities in Dahiyeh, Beqaa Valley, and even central Beirut, including drone workshops and financial hubs.

The Psychological Blitz

Israel also reportedly triggered thousands of booby-trapped communications devices (pagers, walkie-talkies), killing militants and civilians alike. The intent: decapitate Hezbollah’s centralized command.

2. Hezbollah’s Resilient Structure and Strategy

Despite these catastrophic hits, Hezbollah remains operational. Why?

Autonomous Units

Hezbollah’s military strategy is rooted in decentralization. Small, highly trained units operate independently, empowered to make tactical decisions on their own. This mission-command style approach has allowed the group to maintain functionality even after its leadership was destroyed.

High Mobility and Dispersal

Hezbollah relies on tactics developed in previous conflicts, such as:

Underground tunnels and shelters

Mobile rocket platforms

Mountain bikes for low-profile transport

Fast setup/disperse times (under 30 seconds for a rocket launch)

3. Continued Retaliation Against Israel

Netanyahu’s Home Hit

A drone launched by Hezbollah struck Prime Minister Netanyahu’s holiday residence in Caesarea. Though Netanyahu wasn’t present, the attack showed the group’s ability to reach deep into Israel.

Daily Barrages Continue

Hezbollah has continued its barrage of:

Unguided rockets targeting border towns

Precision missile strikes, including one near a military factory outside Tel AvivExplosive drones, sometimes bypassing Israel’s Iron Dome

Dozens of Israeli soldiers have been injured, and infrastructure damaged.

4. Israeli Ground Invasion Stalls

Despite weeks of heavy assault and ground incursions, Israel has failed to capture and hold even a single village in southern Lebanon.Israeli forces often seize areas briefly, only to retreat under sustained guerrilla fire.

Hezbollah’s intimate knowledge of Lebanon’s rugged terrain—its wadis, hills, and valleys—gives it the home-field advantage.

5. Human Cost and Civilian Displacement

Lebanese Casualties

Over 1.2 million Lebanese have been displaced

Nearly 500,000 children have been forced from their homes

Civilian casualties number in the hundreds, though exact figures vary

Israeli Casualties

Dozens dead, hundreds injured from Hezbollah rocket and drone strikes

Major property and infrastructure damage, including in Haifa, Tel Aviv, and Petah Tikva

6. Why Hezbollah Survives

According to defense analysts, Hezbollah doesn’t need to win—it just needs to deny Israel peace.

The group’s goal is to:

Keep Israeli citizens in a constant state of insecurity

Drain Israel’s military and political resources

Disrupt Israeli civilian life, not conquer land

This long-war strategy, refined through decades of asymmetric warfare, continues to frustrate Israeli military planners.

7. A War of Attrition

Fawaz Gerges, professor at the London School of Economics, says:

“Hezbollah does not fully control southern Lebanon, but Israel doesn’t either. The group’s guerilla tactics and independent command allow it to sustain a war of attrition that saps Israeli momentum.”

Conclusion

Despite a campaign that destroyed Hezbollah’s senior leadership and infrastructure, the group remains functional and dangerous.

 Its organizational resilience, asymmetric strategy, and grassroots military design have allowed it to survive what should have been a knockout blow.

The question now isn’t whether Israel can destroy Hezbollah — it’s whether it can achieve any long-term peace without a political and diplomatic resolution.

Official Sources

AP News – Israel strikes Beirut's suburbs to target Hezbollah drone production

TIME – Israel Gets the War It Wanted

The Guardian – Explosions in Tel Aviv, strikes in Beirut and Tehran

CSIS Report – Hezbollah's Battlefield Design and Autonomy

UN OCHA – Humanitarian Impact of Lebanon Conflict (2025)